自进入“低生育陷阱”后，实行鼓励生育措施的呼声在我国社会上和学术界都不时出现。２０１６年“全面二孩”政策开始实施，但效果并不理想。为进一步提高生育率，激发民众的生育意愿，２０２１年，我国出台了“三孩”政策及配套措施，旨在为民众创造生育福利。梳理东亚、北欧部分国家以及美国的社会背景及实施鼓励生育政策的情况，分析生育政策与社会文化、儿童养育、女性就业及性别平等三组关系，对我国实施“三孩”政策具有重要启示，即制定生育政策要兼顾国家引领性与地方灵活性、构建具有兼容性的生育激励政策群、提供可负担且有质量的儿童早期照料服务、加强对女性就业公平及反歧视保障等

Since entering the ′low fertility trap′, China′s society and academia have called for the implementation of fertility promotion policies. To improve the fertility rate and stimulate the people′s willingness to have children, China issued the three child policy and its supporting policies in 2021, aiming to create reproductive welfare for the people. This paper combs the social background and the implementation of fertility incentive policies in some countries in East Asia, northern Europe and the United States, analyzes the three relationships between Fertility Policies and social culture, child rearing, female employment and gender equality, and puts forward suggestions on combining the national leadership and local flexibility of Fertility Policies based on China′s national conditions, pro viding affordable and quality early childhood care services, and strengthening equity and antidiscrimination guaran tee for women′s employment.