In the position of modernity criticism, Adorno and Lotman are Marxist-dialectical thinking-oriented, breaking homogeneity and propagating dissimilarity, to question and subversion of enlightenment modernity. In practice strategy, Adornos negative aesthetic inheritance of Marx negative criticism of narrative style, builds aesthetic utopia in radical way. Lotmans differential aesthetics stresses Marxs dialectical thinking of equality, tolerance, open nature in order to seek common ground among dissimilarities and search for accommodation within Pluralism. Combing these two types of thinking resources not only contributes to a more clear and comprehensive recognition of the inherent contradictions and conflicts of modernity, but also activates the Marxist dialectical thinking to explain the theoretical vitality of contemporary issues in modernity reflection context.