Suicide was a prominent social problem at home and abroad in the May Fourth Period. The early communist intellectuals in China paid much attention to the phenomenon of suicide. They thought that the problem of suicide was not only due to the social system, but also to the individual and other factors. To solve the problem of suicide, the communist intellectuals advocated the reform of the social system, the transformation of the outlook on life, and the establishment of the values of “suffering and experiencing difficulties”. Their research has promoted the dissemination of historical materialism, deepened the people’s cognition of the western society, and developed the rational outlook on life and death.