Under the background of the three child policy, the construction of 03yearold childcare service system should take into account the number of institutions and the quality of service. To understand the current situation and influencing factors of the quality of childcare institutions in China, 78 classes in 3 cities of H Province were selected by stratified sampling to investigate the quality of childcare institutions using CLASS Toddler. The results show that the emotional support of the quality of childcare institutions in China is at the medium level, while the behavioral support and learning support are at the lower middle level, and there are significant regional differences, institutional differences and teacher differences in the quality of childcare institutions. Institutional fees, teachers′ specialty and years of teaching can significantly predict the quality of childcare. Based on the discussion of the conceptual dilemma, practical dilemma and distribution dilemma of childcare quality under the three child poli cy, this study proposes that the government should take the lead to develop inclusive and high quality childcare services, recruit and build professional childcare teachers, help teachers update their ideas and practice, and im prove the childcare quality through evaluation and supervision.