２１世纪，中国翻译的使命发生了从“翻译世界”到“翻译中国”的历史性转 向，这使得中国的翻译主流方向出现了从“译入”到“译出”的大逆转。为了应对翻译中的 这些变化，坚持译学反思和译学科学发展观尤为重要。翻译方向优劣之辩有深厚的历史 社会政治原因，“译入母语”原则流露出强烈的民族中心主义和语言文化霸权。对“翻译 中国”的西方歧视之音，中国译界从 ２０世纪的无声到 ２１世纪的发声，既折射了中西文化 结构的流变，也标志着中国本土译者主体性重建的心路历程。因此，在新时代语境下，中 国本土译者须增强文化自觉和文化自信，并积极主动地承担具有文化抵抗性和自我赋权 的“译出母语”翻译。

In the 21st century, there has been a historical change of translation mission in China from translating the World to translating China, which has changed the main translational direction in China from ″translating into one′s mother tongue″to ″translating out of one′s mother tongue″. A scientific concept of translation studies with selfreflexivity can help handle these changes in translation. Therefore, a thorough study has been done of the historical socialpolitical reasons of the superiority or inferiority of translation direction, and the ideology of ethnocentrism and linguistic and cultural hegemony behind the golden rule of ″translating into one′s mother tongue″ and western prejudiced voices of translating China has been criticized. The changing structure of China VS West and the changing subjectivity and social roles of Chinese translators have been reflected by Chinese translators′ different attitudes toward western prejudiced voices from silence in the 20th century to audibility in the 21st century. Therefore, in the new era, Chinese translators should strengthen cultural selfconsciousness and cultural selfconfidence and un dertake ″translating out of mother tongue″ as a means of selfempowerment and cultural resistance.