平台众包工作并非完全是经济发展的必然结果，在相当程度上是资本的有 意为之。平台算法权力下的“不稳定劳动者”遭遇了不同困境：线下零工劳动者面临着集 体性对抗策略、对抗行动被消解的境况，隐藏在人工智能和自动化背后的幽灵工作者则 面临着权利、待遇与保障被削减的困境。平台劳动者利用地缘、业缘等结成各类非正式 团体，利用各类规则的罅隙在制度上“打洞”，但结果是：劳动者的抗争被平台悄然化解的 同时，也被隐秘地转化为平台大脑升级的助推力量。以幽灵工作为代表的新型平台工 作，消解了传统劳动关系，规避了法律上的义务，平台从雇主转变为匹配劳、资双方的服 务方；同时，人机合作环路中的去人性化深化了劳动者的自我控制。通过对两类数字平 台劳动运行机制的分析，可知平台工作者陷入了自我耗竭的僵化循环，平台不稳定劳动 者的自我雇佣加剧了资本对劳动者的规训，成为数字平台时代劳动异化的新范式。

Crowdsourcing work on platforms is not entirely an inevitable result of economic development, but rather a deliberate act of capital. The ″unstable workers″ under the power of platform algorithms face two major dilemmas: offline gig workers facing the situation of collective adversarial strategies and actions being dissolved, and ghost workers hidden behind artificial intelligence and automation facing the problem of reduced rights, treatment, and protection. Platform workers form various informal groups through geographical and professional connections, and use loopholes in various rules to ″drill holes″ in the system. While the resistance of workers is quietly resolved by the platform, it is secretly transformed into a driving force for the platform′s brain to upgrade. The new platform work represented by ghost work has dissolved traditional labor relations, avoided legal obligations, and transformed the platform from an employer to a service provider that matches both labor and management. At the same time, the dehumanization in the human-machine cooperation loop deepens the self-control of workers. Through the analysis of the labor operation mechanisms of two types of digital platforms, it can be seen that platform workers are trapped in a rigid cycle of self-depletion. The self-employment of unstable platform workers intensifies the discipline of capital on workers, becoming a new paradigm of labor alienation in the digital platform era.